Isotopen van erbium
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Het chemisch element erbium (Er), met een atoommassa van 167,259(3) u, bezit 6 stabiele isotopen: 162Er, 164Er, 166Er, 167Er, 168Er en 170Er, waarvan 166Er het meest abundant is (ongeveer 33,5%). De 28 radio-isotopen zijn onstabiel en hebben een relatief korte halfwaardetijd (de meeste minder dan een seconde). Alle stabiele isotopen worden ervan verdacht via α-verval te vervallen tot isotopen van dysprosium, maar dit verval is nog nooit waargenomen. Bovendien is de halfwaardetijd van dit verval steeds miljoenen tot miljarden malen groter dan de leeftijd van het universum, waardoor de isotopen als stabiel mogen beschouwd worden.
De kortstlevende isotoop van erbium is 143Er, met een halfwaardetijd van ongeveer 200 milliseconden. De langstlevende is 169Er, met een halfwaardetijd van 9,4 dagen.
Overzicht
| Nuclide | Z (p) | N (n) | Isotopische massa (u) | Halveringstijd | Radioactief verval | VP | Kernspin | Isotopische verhouding (molfractie) |
Natuurlijk voorkomen (molfractie) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excitatie-energie | |||||||||
| 143Er | 68 | 75 | 142,96634(64) | 200 ms | 9/2− | ||||
| 144Er | 68 | 76 | 143,96038(43) | 400 ms [> 200 ns] | β+ | 144Ho | 0+ | ||
| 145Er | 68 | 77 | 144,95739(43) | 900(300) ms | β+ | 145Ho | 1/2+ | ||
| β+, p (zelden) | 144Dy | ||||||||
| 146Er | 68 | 78 | 145,95200(32) | 1,7(6) s | β+ | 146Ho | 0+ | ||
| β+, p | 145Dy | ||||||||
| 147Er | 68 | 79 | 146,94949(32) | ± 2,5 s | β+ | 147Ho | (1/2+) | ||
| β+, p | 146Dy | ||||||||
| 147mEr | 100(50) keV | 2,5(2) s | β+ | 147Ho | (11/2−) | ||||
| 148Er | 68 | 80 | 147,94455(21) | 4,6(2) s | β+ (99,85%) | 148Ho | 0+ | ||
| β+, p (0,15%) | 147Dy | ||||||||
| 149Er | 68 | 81 | 148,94231(3) | 4(2) s | β+ (93%) | 149Ho | (1/2+) | ||
| β+, p (7%) | 148Dy | ||||||||
| 149m1Er | 741,8(2) keV | 8,9(2) s | β+ (96,5%) | 149Ho | (11/2−) | ||||
| IT (3,5%) | 149Er | ||||||||
| β+, p (0,18%) | 148Dy | ||||||||
| 149m2Er | 2611,1(3) keV | 0,61(8) µs | (19/2+) | ||||||
| 149m3Er | 3242,7+X keV | 4,8(1) µs | (27/2−) | ||||||
| 150Er | 68 | 82 | 149,937914(18) | 18,5(7) s | β+ | 150Ho | 0+ | ||
| 151Er | 68 | 83 | 150,937449(18) | 23,5(13) s | β+ | 151Ho | (7/2−) | ||
| 151m1Er | 2585,5(6) keV | 580(20) ms | IT (95,3%) | 151Er | (27/2−) | ||||
| β+ (4,7%) | 151Ho | ||||||||
| 151m2Er | 10286+X keV | 0,42(5) µs | (67/2, 69/2, 71/2) | ||||||
| 152Er | 68 | 84 | 151,935050(11) | 10,3(1) s | α (90%) | 148Dy | 0+ | ||
| β+ (10%) | 152Ho | ||||||||
| 153Er | 68 | 85 | 152,935063(9) | 37,1(2) s | α (53%) | 149Dy | 7/2− | ||
| β+ (47%) | 153Ho | ||||||||
| 154Er | 68 | 86 | 153,932783(6) | 3,73(9) min | β+ (99,53%) | 154Ho | 0+ | ||
| α (0,47%) | 150Dy | ||||||||
| 155Er | 68 | 87 | 154,933209(7) | 5,3(3) min | β+ (99,98%) | 155Ho | 7/2− | ||
| α (0,022%) | 151Dy | ||||||||
| 156Er | 68 | 88 | 155,931065(26) | 19,5(10) min | β+ | 156Ho | 0+ | ||
| 157Er | 68 | 89 | 156,93192(3) | 18,65(10) min | β+ | 157Ho | 3/2− | ||
| 157mEr | 155,4(3) keV | 76(6) ms | IT | 157Er | (9/2+) | ||||
| 158Er | 68 | 90 | 157,929893(27) | 2,29(6) uur | EV | 158Ho | 0+ | ||
| 159Er | 68 | 91 | 158,930684(5) | 36(1) min | β+ | 159Ho | 3/2− | ||
| 159m1Er | 182,602(24) keV | 337(14) ns | 9/2+ | ||||||
| 159m2Er | 429,05(3) keV | 590(60) ns | 11/2− | ||||||
| 160Er | 68 | 92 | 159,929083(26) | 28,58(9) uur | EV | 160Ho | 0+ | ||
| 161Er | 68 | 93 | 160,929995(10) | 3,21(3) uur | β+ | 161Ho | 3/2− | ||
| 161mEr | 396,44(4) keV | 7,5(7) µs | 11/2− | ||||||
| 162Er | 68 | 94 | 161,928778(4) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,00139(5) | |||
| 163Er | 68 | 95 | 162,930033(6) | 75,0(4) min | β+ | 163Ho | 5/2− | ||
| 163mEr | 445,5(6) keV | 580(100) ns | (11/2−) | ||||||
| 164Er | 68 | 96 | 163,929200(3) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,01601(3) | |||
| 165Er | 68 | 97 | 164,930726(3) | 10,36(4) uur | EV | 165Ho | 5/2− | ||
| 166Er | 68 | 98 | 165,9302931(27) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,33503(36) | |||
| 167Er | 68 | 99 | 166,9320482(27) | stabiel | 7/2+ | 0,22869(9) | |||
| 167mEr | 207,801(5) keV | 2,269(6) s | IT | 167Er | 1/2− | ||||
| 168Er | 68 | 100 | 167,9323702(27) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,26978(18) | |||
| 169Er | 68 | 101 | 168,9345904(27) | 9,392(18) dagen | β− | 169Tm | 1/2− | ||
| 170Er | 68 | 102 | 169,9354643(30) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,14910(36) | |||
| 171Er | 68 | 103 | 170,9380298(30) | 7,516(2) uur | β− | 171Tm | 5/2− | ||
| 171mEr | 198,6(1) keV | 210(10) ns | 1/2− | ||||||
| 172Er | 68 | 104 | 171,939356(5) | 49,3(3) uur | β− | 172Tm | 0+ | ||
| 173Er | 68 | 105 | 172,94240(21) | 1,434(17) min | β− | 173Tm | (7/2−) | ||
| 174Er | 68 | 106 | 173,94423(32) | 3,2(2) min | β− | 174Tm | 0+ | ||
| 175Er | 68 | 107 | 174,94777(43) | 1,2(3) min | β− | 175Tm | (9/2+) | ||
| 176Er | 68 | 108 | 175,95008(43) | 20 s | β− | 176Tm | 0+ | ||
| 177Er | 68 | 109 | 176,95405(54) | 3 s | β− | 177Tm | 1/2− | ||
Overzicht van isotopen per element
| 1 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | 2 | Periodiek systeem | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | He | |||||||||
| 2 | Li | Be | De links verwijzen naar isotopen per element | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | |||||||||
| 3 | Na | Mg | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar |
| 4 | K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr |
| 5 | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe |
| 6 | Cs | Ba | ↓ | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn |
| 7 | Fr | Ra | ↓↓ | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
| Lanthaniden | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | |||
| Actiniden | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | |||
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Isotopen van erbium (Er)