Isotopen van bismut
Подписчиков: 0, рейтинг: 0
Het chemisch element bismut (Bi), met een atoommassa van 208,98040(1) u, bezit geen stabiele isotopen, hoewel er één isotoop is (209Bi) die een extreem lange halveringstijd van 19 triljoen jaar (1,9 × 1019 jaar) heeft. Omdat deze halveringstijd ongeveer een miljard maal groter is dan de geschatte leeftijd van het universum, kan deze isotoop in de praktijk als stabiel worden beschouwd. De 34 radio-isotopen zijn onstabiel en hebben een relatief korte halfwaardetijd. In de natuur komen sporen van de radio-isotopen 210Bi, 211Bi, 212Bi, 214Bi en 215Bi voor.
De kortstlevende isotoop van bismut is 185Bi, met een halfwaardetijd van ongeveer 2 milliseconden. De langstlevende (na 209Bi) is 208Bi, met een halfwaardetijd van 368.000 jaar.
Overzicht
| Nuclide | Z (p) | N (n) | Isotopische massa (u) | Halveringstijd | Radioactief verval | VP | Kernspin | Isotopische verhouding (molfractie) |
Natuurlijk voorkomen (molfractie) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excitatie-energie | |||||||||
| 184Bi | 83 | 101 | 184,00112(14) | 6,6(15) ms | 3+ | ||||
| 184mBi | 150(100) keV | 13(2) ms | 10− | ||||||
| 185Bi | 83 | 102 | 184,99763(6) | 2 ms | p | 184Pb | 9/2− | ||
| α (zelden) | 181Tl | ||||||||
| 185mBi | 70(50) keV | 49(7) µs | α | 181Tl | 1/2+ | ||||
| p | 184Pb | ||||||||
| 186Bi | 83 | 103 | 185,99660(8) | 14,8(7) ms | α | 182Tl | (3+) | ||
| β+ (zelden) | 186Pb | ||||||||
| 186mBi | 270(140) keV | 9,8(4) ms | α | 182Tl | (10−) | ||||
| β+ | 186Pb | ||||||||
| 187Bi | 83 | 104 | 186,993158(16) | 32(3) ms | α (50%) | 183Tl | 9/2− | ||
| β+ (50%) | 187Pb | ||||||||
| 187m1Bi | 101(20) keV | 320(70) µs | 1/2+ | ||||||
| 187m2Bi | 252(1) keV | 7(5) µs | (13/2+) | ||||||
| 188Bi | 83 | 105 | 187,99227(5) | 44(3) ms | α | 184Tl | 3+ | ||
| β+ (zelden) | 188Pb | ||||||||
| 188mBi | 210(140) keV | 220(40) ms | α | 184Tl | (10−) | ||||
| β+ (zelden) | 188Pb | ||||||||
| 189Bi | 83 | 106 | 188,98920(6) | 674(11) ms | α (51%) | 185Tl | (9/2−) | ||
| β+ (49%) | 189Pb | ||||||||
| 189m1Bi | 181(6) keV | 5,0(1) ms | (1/2+) | ||||||
| 189m2Bi | 357(1) keV | 880(50) ns | (13/2+) | ||||||
| 190Bi | 83 | 107 | 189,9883(2) | 6,3(1) s | α (77%) | 186Tl | (3+) | ||
| β+ (30%) | 190Pb | ||||||||
| 190m1Bi | 420(180) keV | 6,2(1) s | α (70%) | 186Tl | (10−) | ||||
| β+ (23%) | 190Pb | ||||||||
| 190m2Bi | 690(180) keV | > 500(100) ns | 7+ | ||||||
| 191Bi | 83 | 108 | 190,985786(8) | 12,3(3) s | α (60%) | 187Tl | (9/2−) | ||
| β+ (40%) | 191Pb | ||||||||
| 191mBi | 240(4) keV | 124(5) ms | α (75%) | 187Tl | (1/2+) | ||||
| β+ (25%) | 191Pb | ||||||||
| 192Bi | 83 | 109 | 191,98546(4) | 34,6(9) s | β+ (82%) | 192Pb | (3+) | ||
| α (18%) | 188Tl | ||||||||
| 192mBi | 150(30) keV | 39,6(4) s | β+ (90,8%) | 192Pb | (10−) | ||||
| α (9,2%) | 188Tl | ||||||||
| 193Bi | 83 | 110 | 192,98296(1) | 67(3) s | β+ (95%) | 193Pb | (9/2−) | ||
| α (5%) | 189Tl | ||||||||
| 193mBi | 308(7) keV | 3,2(6) s | α (90%) | 189Tl | (1/2+) | ||||
| β+ (10%) | 193Pb | ||||||||
| 194Bi | 83 | 111 | 193,98283(5) | 95(3) s | β+ (99,54%) | 194Pb | (3+) | ||
| α (0,46%) | 190Tl | ||||||||
| 194m1Bi | 110(70) keV | 125(2) s | β+ | 194Pb | (6+, 7+) | ||||
| α (zelden) | 190Tl | ||||||||
| 194m2Bi | 230(90) keV | 115(4) s | (10−) | ||||||
| 195Bi | 83 | 112 | 194,980651(6) | 183(4) s | β+ (99,97%) | 195Pb | (9/2−) | ||
| α (0,03%) | 191Tl | ||||||||
| 195m1Bi | 399(6) keV | 87(1) s | β+ (67%) | 195Pb | (1/2+) | ||||
| α (33%) | 191Tl | ||||||||
| 195m2Bi | 2311,4+X keV | 750(50) ns | (29/2−) | ||||||
| 196Bi | 83 | 113 | 195,980667(26) | 5,1(2) min | β+ (99,99%) | 196Pb | (3+) | ||
| α (0,00115%) | 192Tl | ||||||||
| 196m1Bi | 166,6(30) keV | 0,6(5) s | IT | 196Bi | (7+) | ||||
| β+ | 196Pb | ||||||||
| 196m2Bi | 270(3) keV | 4,00(5) min | (10−) | ||||||
| 197Bi | 83 | 114 | 196,978864(9) | 9,33(50) min | β+ (99,99%) | 197Pb | (9/2−) | ||
| α (10−4%) | 193Tl | ||||||||
| 197m1Bi | 690(110) keV | 5,04(16) min | α (55%) | 193Tl | (1/2+) | ||||
| β+ (45%) | 197Pb | ||||||||
| IT (0,3%) | 197Bi | ||||||||
| 197m2Bi | 2129,3(4) keV | 204(18) ns | (23/2−) | ||||||
| 197m3Bi | 2360,4(5)+X keV | 263(13) ns | (29/2−) | ||||||
| 197m4Bi | 2383,1(7)+X keV | 253(39) ns | (29/2−) | ||||||
| 197m5Bi | 2929,5(5) keV | 209(30) ns | (31/2−) | ||||||
| 198Bi | 83 | 115 | 197,97921(3) | 10,3(3) min | β+ | 198Pb | (2+, 3+) | ||
| 198m1Bi | 280(40) keV | 11,6(3) min | β+ | 198Pb | (7+) | ||||
| 198m2Bi | 530(40) keV | 7,7(5) s | 10− | ||||||
| 199Bi | 83 | 116 | 198,977672(13) | 27(1) min | β+ | 199Pb | 9/2− | ||
| 199m1Bi | 667(4) keV | 24,70(15) min | β+ (98%) | 199Pb | (1/2+) | ||||
| IT (2%) | 199Bi | ||||||||
| α (0,01%) | 195Tl | ||||||||
| 199m2Bi | 1947(25) keV | 0,10(3) µs | (25/2+) | ||||||
| 199m3Bi | ± 2547,0 keV | 168(13) ns | 29/2− | ||||||
| 200Bi | 83 | 117 | 199,978132(26) | 36,4(5) min | β+ | 200Pb | 7+ | ||
| 200m1Bi | 100(70) keV | 31(2) min | EV (90%) | 200Pb | (2+) | ||||
| IT (10%) | 200Bi | ||||||||
| 200m2Bi | 428,20(10) keV | 400(50) ms | (10−) | ||||||
| 201Bi | 83 | 118 | 200,977009(16) | 108(3) min | β+ (99,99%) | 201Pb | 9/2− | ||
| α (10−4%) | 197Tl | ||||||||
| 201m1Bi | 846,34(21) keV | 59,1(6) min | EV (92,9%) | 201Pb | 1/2+ | ||||
| IT (6,8%) | 201Bi | ||||||||
| α (0,3%) | 197Tl | ||||||||
| 201m2Bi | 1932,2+X keV | 118(28) ns | (25/2+) | ||||||
| 201m3Bi | 1971,2+X keV | 105(75) ns | (27/2+) | ||||||
| 201m4Bi | 2739,90(20)+X keV | 124(4) ns | (29/2−) | ||||||
| 202Bi | 83 | 119 | 201,977742(22) | 1,72(5) uur | β+ | 202Pb | 5(+) | ||
| α (10−5%) | 198Tl | ||||||||
| 202m1Bi | 615(7) keV | 3,04(6) µs | 10− | ||||||
| 202m2Bi | 2607,1(5) keV | 310(50) ns | (17+) | ||||||
| 203Bi | 83 | 120 | 202,976876(23) | 11,76(5) uur | β+ | 203Pb | 9/2− | ||
| α (10−5%) | 199Tl | ||||||||
| 203m1Bi | 1098,14(7) keV | 303(5) ms | IT | 203Bi | 1/2+ | ||||
| 203m2Bi | 2041,5(6) keV | 194(30) ns | 25/2+ | ||||||
| 204Bi | 83 | 121 | 203,977813(28) | 11,22(10) uur | β+ | 204Pb | 6+ | ||
| 204m1Bi | 805,5(3) keV | 13,0(1) ms | IT | 204Bi | 10− | ||||
| 204m2Bi | 2833,4(11) keV | 1,07(3) ms | (17+) | ||||||
| 205Bi | 83 | 122 | 204,977389(8) | 15,31(4) dagen | β+ | 205Pb | 9/2− | ||
| 206Bi | 83 | 123 | 205,978499(8) | 6,243(3) dagen | β+ | 206Pb | 6+ | ||
| 206m1Bi | 59,897(17) keV | 7,7(2) µs | (4+) | ||||||
| 206m2Bi | 1044,8(5) keV | 890(10) µs | (10−) | ||||||
| 207Bi | 83 | 124 | 206,9784707(26) | 32,9(14) jaar | β+ | 207Pb | 9/2− | ||
| 207mBi | 2101,49(16) keV | 182(6) µs | 21/2+ | ||||||
| 208Bi | 83 | 125 | 207,9797422(25) | 3,68(4) × 105 jaar | β+ | 208Pb | 5+ | ||
| 208mBi | 1571,1(4) keV | 2,58(4) ms | IT | 208Bi | 10− | ||||
| 209Bi | 83 | 126 | 208,9803987(16) | 1,9(2) × 1019 jaar | α | 205Tl | 9/2− | 1,0000 | |
| 210Bi | 83 | 127 | 209,9841204(16) | 5,012(5) dagen | β− | 210Po | 1− | sporen | |
| α (1,32 × 10−4%) | 206Tl | ||||||||
| 210mBi | 271,31(11) keV | 3,04(6) × 106 jaar | α | 206Tl | 9− | ||||
| 211Bi | 83 | 128 | 210,987269(6) | 2,14(2) min | α (99,72%) | 207Tl | 9/2− | sporen | |
| β− (0,276%) | 211Po | ||||||||
| 211mBi | 1257(10) keV | 1,4(3) µs | (25/2−) | ||||||
| 212Bi | 83 | 129 | 211,9912857(21) | 60,55(6) min | β− (64,05%) | 212Po | 1− | sporen | |
| α (35,94%) | 208Tl | ||||||||
| β−, α (0,014%) | 208Pb | ||||||||
| 212m1Bi | 250(30) keV | 25,0(2) min | α (67%) | 208Tl | (9−) | ||||
| β− (33%) | 212mPo | ||||||||
| β−, α (0,3%) | 208Pb | ||||||||
| 212m2Bi | 2200(200) keV | 7,0(3) min | > 15 | ||||||
| 213Bi | 83 | 130 | 212,994385(5) | 45,59(6) min | β− (97,91%) | 213Po | 9/2− | ||
| α (2,09%) | 209Tl | ||||||||
| 214Bi | 83 | 131 | 213,998712(12) | 19,9(4) min | β− (99,97%) | 214Po | 1- | sporen | |
| α (0,021%) | 210Tl | ||||||||
| β−, α (0,003%) | 210Pb | ||||||||
| 215Bi | 83 | 132 | 215,001770(16) | 7,6(2) min | β− | 215Po | (9/2−) | sporen | |
| 215mBi | 1347,5(25) keV | 36,4(25) min | (25/2−) | ||||||
| 216Bi | 83 | 133 | 216,006306(12) | 2,17(5) min | β− | 216Po | 1− | ||
| 217Bi | 83 | 134 | 217,00947(21) | 98,5(8) s | 9/2− | ||||
| 218Bi | 83 | 135 | 218,01432(39) | 33(1) s | 1− | ||||
Overzicht van isotopen per element
| 1 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | 2 | Periodiek systeem | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | He | |||||||||
| 2 | Li | Be | De links verwijzen naar isotopen per element | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | |||||||||
| 3 | Na | Mg | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar |
| 4 | K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr |
| 5 | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe |
| 6 | Cs | Ba | ↓ | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn |
| 7 | Fr | Ra | ↓↓ | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
| Lanthaniden | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | |||
| Actiniden | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | |||
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
|
Isotopen van bismut (Bi)